Top 15 computer security trends to Watch Out For in 2023

COMPUTER SECURITY TRENDS

Computer security is becoming increasingly important for organisations both large and small. As technology continues to evolve, so do the threats and vulnerabilities associated with it. In order to protect their networks and data, organisations must stay up to date on the latest security trends. This article will discuss some of the most important computer security trends that organisations should be aware of in 2023

Top 15 computer security trends to Watch Out For in 2023

Cloud Security

Cloud security is becoming increasingly important as organisations are migrating more and more of their data and applications to the cloud. Cloud providers have to be able to provide a secure environment in order to ensure that the data stored on their platforms is kept safe and secure. Cloud security is a complex process that involves a variety of measures such as encryption, authentication, and authorization. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest cloud security trends and best practices in order to ensure that their data is safe and secure. 

Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

 Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) are becoming increasingly popular in the security world. AI and ML can be used to detect and prevent malicious activity on a network, as well as to identify suspicious behaviour. AI and ML can also be used to automate many security processes, such as patching, vulnerability scanning, and malware detection. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest AI and ML security trends in order to ensure that their networks and data are protected. 

 Endpoint Security

 Endpoint security is becoming increasingly important as mobile devices are becoming increasingly popular. Endpoint security involves the protection of mobile devices such as laptops, tablets, and smartphones from threats and vulnerabilities. Endpoint security includes measures such as encryption, authentication, and device management. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest endpoint security trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

 IoT Security

The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming increasingly popular, and with it comes an increased need for security. IoT security involves protecting these “smart” devices from threats and vulnerabilities. IoT security includes measures such as encryption, authentication, and device management. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest IoT security trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

Cyber Security

Cyber security is becoming increasingly important as malicious actors are becoming increasingly sophisticated. Cyber security involves protecting networks and data from threats and vulnerabilities. Cyber security includes measures such as encryption, authentication, and authorization. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest cyber security trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

Identity and Access Management

Identity and Access Management (IAM) is becoming increasingly important as organisations are storing more and more data in the cloud. IAM involves the protection of data and applications from unauthorised access. IAM includes measures such as encryption, authentication, and authorization. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest IAM trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

Privacy Regulations

Privacy regulations are becoming increasingly important as organisations are storing more and more data. Privacy regulations involve the protection of data from unauthorised access. Privacy regulations include measures such as encryption, authentication, and authorization. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest privacy regulations in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

 Security Automation

 Security automation is becoming increasingly important as organisations are trying to stay ahead of the constantly evolving threat landscape. Security automation involves the automation of security processes such as patching, vulnerability scanning, and malware detection. Security automation can help organisations save time and resources, as well as ensure that their networks and data are secure. 

Threat Intelligence

 Threat intelligence is becoming increasingly important as organisations are trying to stay ahead of the constantly evolving threat landscape. Threat intelligence involves the collection and analysis of threat data in order to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest threat intelligence trends in order to ensure that their networks and data are protected. 

Risk Assessment

Risk assessment is becoming increasingly important as organisations are trying to identify and mitigate potential risks. Risk assessment involves the identification of potential risks and vulnerabilities, as well as the implementation of measures to mitigate them. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest risk assessment trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

 Data Governance

Data governance is becoming increasingly important as organisations are storing more and more data in the cloud. Data governance involves the protection of data and applications from unauthorised access. Data governance includes measures such as encryption, authentication, and authorization. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest data governance trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

 Security Architecture

 Security architecture is becoming increasingly important as organisations are trying to protect their networks and data from threats and vulnerabilities. Security architecture involves the design of security processes and controls in order to ensure that the data and applications are secure. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest security architecture trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

Application Security

 Application Security is becoming increasingly important as organisations are relying more and more on applications. Application security involves the protection of data and applications from threats and vulnerabilities. Application security includes measures such as encryption, authentication, and authorization. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest application security trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

Network Security

 Network security is becoming increasingly important as organisations are relying more and more on networks. Network security involves the protection of networks from threats and vulnerabilities. Network security includes measures such as encryption, authentication, and authorization. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest network security trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

 Password Security

 Password security is becoming increasingly important as organisations are relying more and more on passwords. Password security involves the protection of passwords from threats and vulnerabilities. Password security includes measures such as encryption, authentication, and authorization. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest password security trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure.

 Security Education

 Security education is becoming increasingly important as organisations are trying to educate their employees about security best practices. Security education involves teaching employees about security processes and best practices in order to ensure that their networks and data are secure. Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest security education trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

 Security Monitoring: 

Security monitoring is becoming increasingly important as organisations are trying to detect and prevent malicious activity on their networks. Security monitoring involves the monitoring of networks for suspicious activity as well as the implementation of measures to mitigate threats. Organisations should ensure that they are 

familiar with the latest security monitoring trends in order to ensure that their data is kept safe and secure. 

Organisations should ensure that they are familiar with the latest security trends in order to ensure that their networks and data are secure. Staying up to date on the latest security trends is essential in order to ensure the security of networks and data. Organisations shouthat have the necessary resources and expertise in order to ensure that their networks and data are protected.

These are just some of the computer security trends that organisations should be aware of in 2023. It is essential for organisations to stay up to date on the latest security trends in order to ensure that their networks and data are secure. Organisations should ensure that they have the necessary resources and expertise in order to ensure that their networks and data are protected.

What is security functionality?

SECURITY FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS

What is security functionality?

There are several ways to classify and characterize countermeasures that can be used to reduce vulnerabilities and counter threats to system resources. It will be useful for  presentation in the rest of the book to explore different approaches, which we will do in this section and the next two. 

In this section, we consider the countermeasures related to functional requirements and  follow the classification defined in FIPS PUB 200 (Minimum Federal Information Security Requirements and Information Systems). This standard lists 17 security-related areas related to protecting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of information systems and the information  processed, stored and transmitted by these systems

The requirements listed in FIP PUB 200 cover a wide range of countermeasures for vulnerabilities and threats. Broadly speaking, we can divide these countermeasures into two categories: those that require technical computer security  measures (discussed in parts one and two of this book), either hardware or software, or both; and those that are fundamentally management problems.

Access Control: 

Limit access to the information system  to authorized users, processes acting on behalf of authorized users or devices (including other information systems), and  the types of transactions and functions authorized users can perform.

Awareness and training: 

(i) ensuring that administrators and users of the organisation's information systems are aware of the security risks associated with their activities and  the applicable laws, regulations and policies relating to the security of the organisation's information systems.

(ii) ensure that personnel are adequately trained to perform their assigned information security-related tasks and responsibilities.

Audit and Accountability: 

(i) create, protect and maintain audit records for information systems to the extent necessary to enable the monitoring, analysis, investigation and reporting of illegal, unauthorized or inappropriate information systems activities.

(ii) ensure that the actions of individual  users of the information system can be positively traced back to those users so that they can be held accountable for their actions.

Certification, accreditation and security assessments:

 (i) periodic assessment of the security controls in the organization's information systems to determine whether the controls are effective in their application.

(ii) developing and implementing action plans  to correct deficiencies and reduce or eliminate vulnerabilities in organizational information systems.

(iii) authorize the operation of the organizational information systems and the connections to the related information systems.

 (iv) continuously monitor the security controls of the information system  to ensure the continued effectiveness of the controls.

Configuration Management: 

(i) establishment and maintenance of reference configurations and inventories of the organisation's information systems (including hardware, software, firmware and documentation) throughout their respective systems development lifecycles.

(ii) establishing and enforcing security configuration settings for IT products used in the organisation's information systems. 

Contingency Planning: 

Create, maintain, and implement contingency, backup, and disaster recovery plans for the organisation's information systems to ensure the availability of critical information assets and the continuity of operations in emergency situations.

Identification and authentication: 

Identify the users of the information system, the processes acting on behalf of the users or the devices, and authenticate (or verify) the identity of these users, processes or devices as a prerequisite for granting access to the Information systems of the organization.

Incident Response: 

(i) establish an operational incident handling capability for the organization's information systems that includes appropriate preparedness, detection, analysis, containment, recovery and user response activities.

(ii) track, document and report incidents to appropriate officials and/or organisational authorities. 

Maintenance:

 (i) Regular and timely maintenance of the organisation's information systems.

(ii) provide effective controls over the tools, techniques, mechanisms and personnel used to perform maintenance of information systems.

Physical and Environmental Protection: 

(i) limit physical access to information systems, equipment and the respective operating environments to authorised persons.

(ii) protecting the physical facility and infrastructure supporting information systems.

(iii) to provide  utilities for information systems.

(iv) protect information systems from environmental risks.

 (v) provide appropriate environmental controls in facilities with information systems. 

Planning:

 Develop, document, regularly update, and implement organisational information systems security plans  that describe the security controls implemented or planned for the information systems and the   code of conduct for individuals accessing the information systems.

Personnel Security:

 (i) ensure that individuals holding positions of responsibility within organizations (including external service providers) are trustworthy and meet the security criteria established for those positions.

(ii) ensure that the organization's information and information systems are protected during and after personnel actions such as dismissals and transfers.

 (iii) apply formal sanctions to employees who fail to comply with the organisation's security policies and procedures. 

Risk Assessment: 

Regularly assess the risk to the organization's operations (including mission, functions, image or reputation), the organization's assets and people as a result of the operations.  of organizational information systems and related organizational information processing, storage or transmission.

Communications and systems protection: 

(i) monitoring, controlling and protecting the organisation's communications (i.e. information transmitted or received by the organisation's information systems) at the external border and critical internal border information systems. 

(ii) apply architectural designs, software development techniques, and systems engineering principles that promote effective information security within the organization's information systems.

System and information integrity: 

(i) identify, report and correct information and information system failures in a timely manner; 

(ii) providing protections against malicious code at appropriate locations within the organization's information systems.

(iii) monitor security warnings and alerts from information systems and take appropriate action.

Each of the functional areas can contain both technical IT security  measures and management measures.

 The functional areas that primarily require technical IT security  measures include access control, identification and authentication, system and communication protection, and system and information integrity. Functional areas  primarily involving management controls and procedures include awareness and training; auditing and accountability; certification, accreditation and security assessments; emergency planning; Maintenance; physical and environmental protection; Planning; security personnel; risk assessment; and purchase of systems and services.

Functional areas that  overlap with technical computer security measures and managerial controls include configuration management, incident response, and media protection.

Note: that most of the functional requirement areas in FIP PUB 200 are primarily management, or at least have a significant management component, as opposed to pure software or hardware solutions.This may be new to some readers and  not found in many  books on computer and information security. But as one computer security expert noted, "If you think technology can solve your security problems, then you don't understand the problems and you don't understand the technology" [SCHN00].

This article reflects the need to combine technical and managerial approaches to achieve effective computer security.

FIPS PUB 200 provides a useful overview of the major problem areas, both technical and administrative, related to computer security. This article attempts to cover all of these areas.

What are the types in OSI security architecture?

 A SECURITY ARCHITECTURE FOR OPEN SYSTEMS

In order to effectively assess an organisation's security requirements and to evaluate and select various security products and policies, the manager responsible for security needs a systematic way to define security requirements  and to characterise approaches to meeting those requirements. This is quite difficult  in a centralised computing environment;  the problem is magnified when using local  and wide area networks. 

What are the types in OSI security architecture?

The ITU-T Recommendation 4 X.800, Security Architecture for OSI, defines this systematic approach. The OSI security architecture is useful for managers to organise the task of providing security.Because this architecture was developed as an international standard, computer and communications vendors have also developed security features for their products and services that relate to this structured definition of services and mechanisms. 

Although X.800 focuses on security related to networks and communications, the concepts apply to computer security as well. The OSI security architecture  focuses on security attacks, mechanisms and services.These can be briefly defined as follows:

Security Attack

Any action that compromises the security of information held by an organization

Security Mechanism:

A mechanism for detecting, preventing, or recovering from a security attack.

service that enhances the security of an organisation's data processing systems and  information transmissions. Services are designed to counteract security attacks and  use  one or more security mechanisms to provide the service.

The subsection on threats to communications lines and networks in Section 1.2 is based on the X.800 categorization of security threats. The next two sections examine security services and mechanisms using the X.800 architecture.

Security service:

X.800 defines a security service as a service  provided by an open system communication protocol layer  that ensures appropriate security of  systems or data transmissions. A clearer definition can be found in RFC 2828, which includes the following definition: a processing or communication service  provided by a system to provide some type of protection to system resources; Security services implement security policies and are implemented through security mechanisms.X.800 divides these services into 6 categories and 14 specific services. We consider each category in turn. 5 Note that  X.800 is primarily geared towards networked and distributed  systems and therefore puts network security ahead of the IT security of a single system.

AUTHENTICATION

 The authentication service ensures that a communication is authentic. In the case of a single message, such as a warning voice alert, the role of the authentication service is to assure the recipient that the message came from the purported source. In the case of an ongoing interaction, such as connecting a terminal to a host, there are two aspects involved. First, the moment the connection is initiated, the service ensures that the two entities are authentic, that is, that each is who it claims to be. Second, the service must ensure that the connection is not disrupted in  a way that would allow a third party to impersonate either legitimate   for unauthorised transmission or reception.

Two specific authentication services are defined in the standard:

Peer Entity Authentication: 

Provides verification of the identity of a peer entity in a connection. Two entities are considered peers if they implement the same protocol on different systems (e.g. two TCP users on two communicating systems). Peer entity authentication is provided for use when establishing or sometimes during the data transfer phase of a connection.Attempts to establish trust that an entity will not perform unauthorized masking or retry of a previous connection.

Data Lineage Authentication:

 Provides verification of the lineage of a data entity. It does not provide protection against  duplication or modification of data drives. This type of service supports applications such as email where there are no prior interactions between the communicating entities

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What is asset and threat?

 Threats and Assets

The property of a laptop gadget may be classified as hardware, software, data,

and verbal exchange traces and networks. In this subsection, we in short describe those

4 classes and relate those to the ideas of integrity, confidentiality, and

availability added in Section 

What is asset and threat?

Computer and Network Assets, with Examples of Threats.

HARDWARE

A major threat to the hardware of computer systems is the threat of availability. Hardware is  most vulnerable to attack and  least vulnerable to automated controls. Threats include accidental and intentional damage to devices, as well as theft. The proliferation of personal computers and workstations and the widespread use of LANs increase the potential for loss in this area. Theft of CD-ROMs and DVDs can lead to loss of confidentiality.Physical and administrative security measures are required to deal with these threats

SOFTWARE 

Software includes the operating system, utilities and application programs. A major threat to software is an availability attack. Software, especially application software, is often easy to remove. Software can also be modified or damaged to make it unusable. Careful management of software configuration, including backing up the latest version of the  software, can maintain high availability.

A more difficult issue to address is software modifications that cause a program to still work but behave differently than before, posing a threat to integrity/authenticity. Computer viruses and related attacks fall into this category. A final issue is protection against software piracy. In general, although certain countermeasures are available,  the problem of unauthorized copying of software has not been solved.

DATA

Hardware and software security is often a concern of data center professionals or an individual concern of PC users. A more widespread issue is data security, which involves files and other forms of data controlled by individuals, groups, and commercial organizations. Data security concerns  are broad and include availability, confidentiality, and integrity. In the case of availability, the concern is  the destruction of files, which can happen accidentally or maliciously.

The obvious privacy concern  is  unauthorized reading of data files or databases, and this area has perhaps been the subject of  more research and effort than any other area of ​​computer security. A less obvious threat to confidentiality concerns data analysis  and is manifested in the use of so-called statistical databases that provide summary or aggregated information.

Presumably, the existence of aggregated information does not endanger the privacy of the individuals involved. However, as the use of statistical databases increases, there is  increasing potential for disclosure of personal data. In essence, the characteristics of the constituent persons can be identified through careful  analysis.

For example, if one table shows the total income of respondents A, B, C, and D and another shows the total income of respondents A, B, C, D, and E, the difference between the two totals would be  E. This problem is compounded by growing desire aggravated to combine records. In many cases, matching multiple datasets for consistency at different levels of aggregation requires access to individual entities. Therefore, individual entities that are the subject of privacy concerns are available at different stages  of record processing.

COMMUNICATION LINES AND NETWORKS

Attacks on network security  can be divided into passive attacks and active attacks. A passive attack attempts to learn or use system information, but does not affect system resources. An active attack attempts to alter system resources or compromise its operation.

Passive attack

Passive attacks are in the nature of spying or monitoring transmissions. The attacker's goal is to get hold of the transmitted information. Two types of passive attacks are news content publishing and traffic analysis. News content publishing is easy to understand. A telephone conversation, an e-mail message and a transmitted file may contain sensitive or confidential information.

We want to prevent an adversary from learning the content of these transmissions.A second type of passive attack, traffic analysis, is more subtle. Suppose we had a way to mask the content of messages or other information traffic so that even if adversaries intercepted the message, they couldn't extract the information from the message. The usual technique for masking content is encryption. If we had encryption protection, an adversary could still  observe the pattern of these messages. 

The adversary could determine the location and identity of the communicating hosts and  observe the frequency and duration of the messages exchanged.This information can be useful in guessing the type of communication that took place. Passive attacks are very difficult to detect as they do not involve any modification of the data.

 Typically,  message traffic appears to be sent and received normally, and neither the sender nor the receiver are aware that a third party has read the messages or observed the traffic pattern. However,  the success of these attacks can usually be prevented by encryption. Therefore, when dealing with passive attacks, the focus is more on prevention than detection.

Active attacks

Active attacks involve some modification of the data stream or creation of a spoofed stream and can be further divided into four categories: playback, masquerading, message modification and denial of service. Replay involves passively capturing a unit of  data  and then retransmitting it to produce an unauthorized effect. 

A masquerade occurs when an entity pretends to be another entity. A masquerade attack usually involves one of the other forms of active attack. For example, authentication sequences can be captured and replayed after a valid authentication sequence has occurred, allowing an authorized entity with low privileges to gain additional  privileges by  impersonating an entity with those privileges.

Message altering simply means altering part of a legitimate message, or delaying or rearranging messages  to produce an unauthorized effect. For example, a message that says "Allow John Smith to read confidential file accounts" is changed to "Allow Fred Brown to read confidential file accounts".The denial of service prevents or prevents the normal use or management of communication facilities. 

This attack can have a specific target; For example, an entity can delete all messages addressed to a specific destination (e.g. the security verification service). Another form of denial of service  is the disruption of an entire network, either by disabling the network or by overloading it with messages  to degrade performance. Active attacks have the opposite characteristics of passive attacks.

 While passive attacks are difficult to detect, there are measures  to prevent their success. On the other hand, it is quite difficult to absolutely prevent active attacks, as this would require physical protection of all facilities and communication channels at all times. Instead, the goal is to recognize them and  recover from any disruption or lag they cause. Because  detection is a deterrent, it can also help prevent.

Different Types of Cyber Security Threats & Attacks in computer cyber security es of Cyber Security Threats & Attacks in computer cyber security

Different Types of Cyber Security Threats & Attacks and the Preventive Measures

Different Types of Cyber Security Threats & Attacks in computer cyber security 

We now move on to a more detailed look at threats, attacks andresources.First,we'll discuss the types of security threats that need to be addressed, and then provide some examples of the types of threats that apply to different categories of assets.

Based on RFC 2828, it describes four types of threat outcomes and lists the types of attacks that lead to each outcome.

Unauthorised disclosure is a threat to confidentiality. The following types of attacks can lead to this threat:

Disclosure

Disclosure: This can be done intentionally, such as when an insider intentionally discloses confidential information, such as credit card numbers, to an outsider. It can also be the result of  human, hardware, or software error leading to an entity gaining unauthorised knowledge of sensitive data. There have been numerous cases of this, such as B. Universities accidentally posting confidential student information on the Internet.

Interception

Interception: Interception is a common communication-related attack. On a shared local area network (LAN) such as B. an external broadcast Ethernet or a wireless LAN, each device connected to the LAN can receive a copy of packets destined for another device. On the Internet, a determined hacker can gain access to email traffic and other data transmissions. All of these situations create the possibility of unauthorised access to data.

Inference

Inference: An example of inference is  traffic analysis, where an attacker can obtain information by looking at the traffic pattern on a network, such as the amount of traffic between specific pairs of hosts on the network. Another example is the derivation of detailed information from a database by a user with restricted access; This is achieved through repeated queries, the combined results of which allow inferences.

Intrusion

Intrusion: An example of an intrusion is an attacker who gains unauthorised access to sensitive data by bypassing system access control protection.

Deception is a threat to  system  or data integrity. The following types of attacks can lead to this threat:

Masquerade

Masquerade: An example of masquerade is an attempt by an unauthorised user to gain access to a system by posing as an authorised user; This could happen if the unauthorised user knows another user's login ID and password. Another example is malicious logic, such as a Trojan horse, that appears to perform a useful or desirable function, but actually gains unauthorised access to system resources or tricks a user into running 

other malicious logic.

Falsification

Falsification: Refers to the alteration or replacement of valid data, or the introduction of false data into a file or database. For example, a student can change their grades in a school's database.

Repudiation

Repudiation: In this case, a user  denies sending data, or a user denies having received or possessing the data.

Disruption is a threat to the availability or integrity of the system. The following types of attacks can lead to this threat:

Incapacitation

Incapacitation : This is a system availability attack. This can be caused by physical destruction  or damage to the system hardware. Typically, malicious software such as Trojan horses, viruses, or worms could work by disabling a system or some of its services.

Corruption

Corruption: This is an attack on the integrity of the system. Malicious software in this context could act in such a way that system resources or services work in an undesired way. Or a user could gain unauthorised access to a system and change some of its functionality. An example of the latter is a user injecting backdoor logic into the system to later grant access to a system and its resources using a different mechanism than usual

Obstruction

Obstruction: One way to interfere with system operation is to disrupt communications by disabling communications links or tampering with communications control information. Another possibility is to overload the system by overloading the communication traffic or processing resources.

Usurpation is a threat to system integrity. The following types of attacks can result in this threat consequence:

Misappropriation

Misappropriation : This may include theft of services. An example is a distributed denial of service attack, where malware is installed on multiple hosts to use them as platforms to launch traffic to a target host. In this case, the malware makes unauthorised use of processor and operating system resources.

Misuse

Misuse: Misuse can occur through malicious logic or a hacker who has gained unauthorised access to a system. In either case, security features can be disabled or defeated.